Identification
Fleas are small, wingless insects measuring about 1/16 to 1/8 inch in length. They are reddish-brown with laterally compressed bodies, allowing them to move easily through fur or hair. Fleas have powerful hind legs adapted for jumping and piercing mouthparts for feeding on blood.
Lifecycle & Reproduction
Fleas undergo complete metamorphosis, progressing through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Females lay up to 50 eggs per day, which hatch within 2 to 14 days. Larvae feed on organic debris before spinning cocoons and pupating. Adults emerge when they sense vibrations, heat, or carbon dioxide from a potential host.
Habits, Diet & Behavior
Fleas are ectoparasites that feed on the blood of mammals and birds. They prefer warm, humid environments and can infest homes, pets, and wildlife. They are highly mobile and can jump up to 7 inches vertically and 13 inches horizontally, making them efficient at spreading between hosts.
Where You’ll Find Them / Typical Locations
Fleas are commonly found in:
- Pet fur, bedding, and resting areas
- Carpets, upholstery, and rugs
- Cracks and crevices in flooring
- Outdoor shaded areas, especially in tall grass
- Wildlife nests and burrows
Threats & Danger
Fleas are vectors for diseases such as typhus and tapeworms. Their bites cause itching, allergic reactions, and dermatitis in pets and humans. Severe infestations can lead to anemia in young or small animals due to excessive blood loss.
Prevention
- Treat pets regularly with veterinarian-approved flea preventatives
- Wash pet bedding and vacuum frequently to remove eggs and larvae
- Maintain a clean yard by mowing grass and removing debris
- Seal entry points to prevent wildlife from introducing fleas
- Use flea traps and diatomaceous earth to reduce flea populations
Signs of Infestation
- Excessive scratching, biting, or hair loss in pets
- Presence of flea dirt (black specks) in pet fur or bedding
- Small, red, itchy bites on human skin, often around ankles
- Fleas jumping on carpets, upholstery, or clothing
- Seeing fleas on pets, particularly around the neck, back, or belly
How to Get Rid of It
- Use flea combs to remove fleas from pets and dispose of them properly
- Apply flea treatments such as sprays, powders, or foggers in the home
- Wash all pet bedding, rugs, and soft furnishings in hot water
- Vacuum carpets and furniture thoroughly and dispose of the vacuum bag
- Consult professional pest control for persistent infestations