Identification
Leafhoppers are small, wedge-shaped insects, typically measuring between 2 to 15 mm in length. They have slender, elongated bodies with powerful hind legs adapted for jumping. Their coloration varies by species, ranging from green and yellow to brown and blue. Leafhoppers have two pairs of wings and short, bristle-like antennae. They are found worldwide, thriving in gardens, forests, and agricultural fields.
Lifecycle & Reproduction
Leafhoppers undergo incomplete metamorphosis, consisting of egg, nymph, and adult stages. Females lay eggs inside plant tissues, where they hatch in 5-10 days. Nymphs resemble adults but lack fully developed wings. They molt several times before maturing into adults within 2-4 weeks. Some species reproduce multiple times per season, particularly in warm climates.
Habits, Diet & Behavior
Leafhoppers are highly active, feeding on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. They prefer leaves and stems of various plants, including crops, grasses, and ornamentals. When disturbed, they quickly jump away or fly to another plant. Some species secrete a waxy substance as protection from predators. Leafhoppers are diurnal and most active in warm, sunny conditions.
Where You’ll Find Them / Typical Locations
These pests are commonly found on the undersides of leaves in gardens, fields, and orchards. They infest vegetables, fruits, trees, and ornamental plants. Leafhoppers thrive in warm, dry climates and are frequently seen in meadows, prairies, and forest edges.
Threats & Danger
Leafhoppers can cause significant damage by transmitting plant pathogens, including viruses and bacteria. Their feeding results in yellowing, stippling, leaf curling, and reduced plant vigor. Some species, like the potato leafhopper, spread diseases that severely affect agricultural yields. Additionally, their excretion of honeydew promotes sooty mold growth.
Prevention
- Monitor plants regularly for early signs of infestation.
- Encourage natural predators like ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps.
- Remove weeds and plant debris that serve as breeding grounds.
- Use row covers to protect young plants from infestations.
- Maintain plant health with proper watering and fertilization to improve resistance.
Signs of Infestation
- Stippled or yellowing leaves.
- Curling or browning foliage.
- Presence of small, fast-moving insects on leaves.
- Leaf edges appearing scorched or damaged.
- Reduced plant vigor and slowed growth.
How to Get Rid of It
- Spray plants with a strong jet of water to knock off leafhoppers.
- Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to affected areas.
- Introduce beneficial insects like lacewings and pirate bugs.
- Use yellow sticky traps to monitor and reduce populations.
- Apply systemic insecticides for severe infestations.